Death is the termination of the biological functions that sustain a living organism. The word refers both to the particular processes of life's cessation as well as to the condition or state of a formerly-living body.
Phenomena which commonly bring about death include predation, malnutrition, accidents resulting in terminal injury, and disease. Death of an entire species is known as extinction. Human activity has increased the number of extinctions in recent times, one cause, for example, being the destruction of ecosystems as a consequence of the spread of industrial technology.1
The nature of death has been for millennia a central concern of the world's religious traditions and of philosophical enquiry, and belief in some kind of afterlife or rebirth has been a central aspect of religious belief. In modern scientific enquiry, the origin and nature of consciousness has yet to be fully understood; any such view about the existence or non-existence of consciousness after death therefore remains speculative.2
The ankh is the Ancient Egyptian symbol for "eternal life." They and many other cultures since have viewed biological death as a portal into an afterlife. Contents 1 Senescence 2 Signs and symptoms 3 Diagnosis 3.1 Problems of definition 3.2 Legal 3.3 Misdiagnosed 4 Causes 4.1 Autopsy 5 Prevention 6 Society and culture 7 In biology 7.1 Natural selection 7.2 Extinction 7.3 Evolution of aging 8 See also 9 References 10 Further reading 11 External links // SenescenceAlmost all animals fortunate enough to survive hazards to their existence eventually die from senescence. Rare and remarkable exceptions include the hydra and the jellyfish Turritopsis nutricula, both thought to be, in effect, immortal.3 Causes of death in humans as a result of intentional activity include suicide, homicide and war. From all causes, roughly 150,000 people die around the world each day.4
Physiological death is now seen as less an event than a process: conditions once considered indicative of death are now reversible.5 Where in the process a dividing line is drawn between life and death depends on factors beyond the presence or absence of vital signs. In general, clinical death is neither necessary nor sufficient for a determination of legal death. A patient with working heart and lungs determined to be brain dead can be pronounced legally dead without clinical death occurring. Precise medical definition of death, in other words, becomes more problematic, paradoxically, as scientific knowledge and medicine advance.
Signs and symptomsSigns of death or strong indications that a person is no longer alive are:
Ceasing breathing Cessation of metabolism No pulse Pallor mortis, paleness which happens in the 15–120 minutes after death Livor mortis, a settling of the blood in the lower (dependent) portion of the body Algor mortis, the reduction in body temperature following death. This is generally a steady decline until matching ambient temperature Rigor mortis, the limbs of the corpse become stiff (Latin rigor) and difficult to move or manipulate Decomposition, the reduction into simpler forms of matter, accompanied by a strong, unpleasant odor. Diagnosis Problems of definition What is death? A flower, a skull and an hourglass stand in for Life, Death and Time in this 17th-century painting by Philippe de ChampaigneThe concept of death is a key to human understanding of the phenomenon.6 There are many scientific approaches to the concept. For example, brain death, as practiced in medical science, defines death as a point in time during which brain activity ceases.78910 One of the challenges in defining death is in distinguishing it from life. As a point in time, death would seem to refer to the moment at which life ends. However, determining when death has occurred requires drawing precise conceptual boundaries between life and death. This is problematic because there is little consensus over how to define life. It is possible to define life in terms of consciousness. When consciousness ceases, a living organism can be said to have died. One of the notable flaws in this approach, however, is that there are many organisms which are alive but probably not conscious (for example, single-celled organisms). Another problem with this approach is in defining consciousness, which has many different definitions given by modern scientists, psychologists and philosophers. This general problem of defining death applies to the particular challenge of defining death in the context of medicine.
Other definitions for death focus on the character of cessation of something.11 In this context "death" describes merely the state where something has ceased, e.g., life. Thus, the definition of "life" simultaneously defines death.
Historically, attempts to define the exact moment of a human's death have been problematic. Death was once defined as the cessation of heartbeat (cardiac arrest) and of breathing, but the development of CPR and prompt defibrillation have rendered that definition inadequate because breathing and heartbeat can sometimes be restarted. Events which were causally linked to death in the past no longer kill in all circumstances; without a functioning heart or lungs, life can sometimes be sustained with a combination of life support devices, organ transplants and artificial pacemakers.
Today, where a definition of the moment of death is required, doctors and coroners usually turn to "brain death" or "biological death" to define a person as being clinically dead; people are considered dead when the electrical activity in their brain ceases. It is presumed that an end of electrical activity indicates the end of consciousness. However, suspension of consciousness must be permanent, and not transient, as occurs during certain sleep stages, and especially a coma. In the case of sleep, EEGs can easily tell the difference.
However, the category of "brain death" is seen by some scholars to be problematic. For instance, Dr Franklin Miller, senior faculty member at the Department of Bioethics, National Institutes of Health, notes "By the late 1990s, however, the equation of brain death with death of the human being was increasingly challenged by scholars, based on evidence regarding the array of biological functioning displayed by patients correctly diagnosed as having this condition who were maintained on mechanical ventilation for substantial periods of time. These patients maintained the ability to sustain circulation and respiration, control temperature, excrete wastes, heal wounds, fight infections and, most dramatically, to gestate fetuses (in the case of pregnant "brain-dead" women)." 12
Those people maintaining that only the neo-cortex of the brain is necessary for consciousness sometimes argue that only electrical activity should be considered when defining death. Eventually it is possible that the criterion for death will be the permanent and irreversible loss of cognitive function, as evidenced by the death of the cerebral cortex. All hope of recovering human thought and personality is then gone given current and foreseeable medical technology. However, at present, in most places the more conservative definition of death – irreversible cessation of electrical activity in the whole brain, as opposed to just in the neo-cortex – has been adopted (for example the Uniform Determination Of Death Act in the United States). In 2005, the Terri Schiavo case brought the question of brain death and artificial sustenance to the front of American politics.
Even by whole-brain criteria, the determination of brain death can be complicated. EEGs can detect spurious electrical impulses, while certain drugs, hypoglycemia, hypoxia, or hypothermia can suppress or even stop brain activity on a temporary basis. Because of this, hospitals have protocols for determining brain death involving EEGs at widely separated intervals under defined conditions.
A dead Confederate soldier sprawled out in Petersburg, Virginia, 1865, during the American Civil War Legal See also: Legal deathIn the United States, a person is dead by law if a Statement of Death or Death Certificate is approved by a licensed medical practitioner. Various legal consequences follow death, including the removal from the person of what in legal terminology is called personhood.
The possession of brain activities, or ability to resume brain activity, is a necessary condition to legal personhood in the United States. "It appears that once brain death has been determined ... no criminal or civil liability will result from disconnecting the life-support devices." (Dority v. Superior Court of San Bernardino County, 193 Cal.Rptr. 288, 291 (1983))
Misdiagnosed See also: Premature burialThere are many anecdotal references to people being declared dead by physicians and then "coming back to life", sometimes days later in their own coffin, or when embalming procedures are about to begin. From the mid-18th century onwards, there was an upsurge in the public's fear of being mistakenly buried alive,13 and much debate about the uncertainty of the signs of death. Various suggestions were made to test for signs of life before burial, ranging from pouring vinegar and pepper into the corpse's mouth to applying red hot pokers to the feet, or even into the rectum.14 Writing in 1895, the physician J. C. Ouseley claimed that as many as 2,700 people were buried prematurely each year in England and Wales, although others estimated the figure to be closer to 800.15
In cases of electric shock, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) for an hour or longer can allow stunned nerves to recover, allowing an apparently dead person to survive. People found unconscious under icy water may survive if their faces are kept continuously cold until they arrive at an emergency room.16 This "diving response", in which metabolic activity and oxygen requirements are minimal, is something humans share with cetaceans called the mammalian diving reflex.16
As medical technologies advance, ideas about when death occurs may have to be re-evaluated in light of the ability to restore a person to vitality after longer periods of apparent death (as happened when CPR and defibrillation showed that cessation of heartbeat is inadequate as a decisive indicator of death). The lack of electrical brain activity may not be enough to consider someone scientifically dead. Therefore, the concept of information theoretical death has been suggested as a better means of defining when true death occurs, though the concept has few practical applications outside of the field of cryonics.
There have been some scientific attempts to bring dead organisms back to life, but with limited success.17 In science fiction scenarios where such technology is readily available, real death is distinguished from reversible death.
Causes See also: List of causes of death by rate and List of preventable causes of deathThe leading cause of death in developing countries is infectious disease. The leading causes of death in developed countries are atherosclerosis (heart disease and stroke), cancer, and other diseases related to obesity and aging. These conditions cause loss of homeostasis, leading to cardiac arrest, causing loss of oxygen and nutrient supply, causing irreversible deterioration of the brain and other tissues. Of the roughly 150,000 people who die each day across the globe, about two thirds die of age-related causes.4 In industrialized nations, the proportion is much higher, reaching 90%.4 With improved medical capability, dying has become a condition to be managed. Home deaths, once commonplace, are now rare in the developed world.
The body of Pope John Paul II lying in state in St. Peter's Basilica, 2005In developing nations, inferior sanitary conditions and lack of access to modern medical technology makes death from infectious diseases more common than in developed countries. One such disease is tuberculosis, a bacterial disease which killed 1.7 million people in 2004.18 Malaria causes about 400–900 million cases of fever and 1–3 million deaths annually.19 AIDS death toll in Africa may reach 90–100 million by 2025.2021
According to Jean Ziegler, who was the United Nations Special reporter on the Right to Food from 2000 to March 2008; mortality due to malnutrition accounted for 58% of the total mortality rate in 2006. Ziegler says worldwide approximately 62 million people died from all causes and of those deaths more than 36 million died of hunger or diseases due to deficiencies in micronutrients."22
Tobacco smoking killed 100 million people worldwide in the 20th century and could kill 1 billion people around the world in the 21st century, a WHO Report warned.2324
Many leading developed world causes of death can be postponed by diet and physical activity, but the accelerating incidence of disease with age still imposes limits on human longevity. The evolutionary cause of aging is, at best, only just beginning to be understood. It has been suggested that direct intervention in the aging process may now be the most effective intervention against major causes of death.25
AutopsyAn autopsy, also known as a postmortem examination or an obduction, is a medical procedure that consists of a thorough examination of a human corpse to determine the cause and manner of a person's death and to evaluate any disease or injury that may be present. It is usually performed by a specialized medical doctor called a pathologist.
Rembrandt turns an autopsy into a masterpiece: The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes TulpAutopsies are either performed for legal or medical purposes. A forensic autopsy is carried out when the cause of death may be a criminal matter, while a clinical or academic autopsy is performed to find the medical cause of death and is used in cases of unknown or uncertain death, or for research purposes. Autopsies can be further classified into cases where external examination suffices, and those where the body is dissected and an internal examination is conducted. Permission from next of kin may be required for internal autopsy in some cases. Once an internal autopsy is complete the body is generally reconstituted by sewing it back together. Autopsy is important in a medical environment and may shed light on mistakes and help improve practices.
A "necropsy" is an older term for a postmortem examination, unregulated, and not always a medical procedure. In modern times the term is more often used in the postmortem examination of the corpses of animals.
Prevention Main article: Life extensionLife extension refers to an increase in maximum or average lifespan, especially in humans, by slowing down or reversing the processes of aging. Average lifespan is determined by vulnerability to accidents and age or lifestyle-related afflictions such as cancer, or cardiovascular disease. Extension of average lifespan can be achieved by good diet, exercise and avoidance of hazards such as smoking. Maximum lifespan is determined by the rate of aging for a species inherent in its genes. Currently, the only widely recognized method of extending maximum lifespan is calorie restriction. Theoretically, extension of maximum lifespan can be achieved by reducing the rate of aging damage, by periodic replacement of damaged tissues, or by molecular repair or rejuvenation of deteriorated cells and tissues.
Researchers of life extension are a subclass of biogerontologists known as "biomedical gerontologists". They try to understand the nature of aging and they develop treatments to reverse aging processes or to at least slow them down, for the improvement of health and the maintenance of youthful vigor at every stage of life. Those who take advantage of life extension findings and seek to apply them upon themselves are called "life extensionists" or "longevists". The primary life extension strategy currently is to apply available anti-aging methods in the hope of living long enough to benefit from a complete cure to aging once it is developed, which given the rapidly advancing state of biogenetic and general medical technology, could conceivably occur within the lifetimes of people living today.
Society and culture Main article: Death and culture Death haunts even the beautiful: an early 20th-century artist says, "All is Vanity"Death is the center of many traditions and organizations, and is a feature of every culture around the world. Much of this revolves around the care of the dead, as well as the afterlife and the disposal of bodies upon the onset of death. The disposal of human corpses does, in general, begin with the last offices before significant time has passed, and ritualistic ceremonies often occur, most commonly interment or cremation. This is not a unified practice, however, as in Tibet for instance the body is given a sky burial and left on a mountain top. Proper preparation for death and techniques and ceremonies for producing the ability to transfer one's spiritual attainments into another body (reincarnation) are subjects of detailed study in Tibet.26 Mummification or embalming is also prevalent in some cultures, to retard the rate of decay.
Legal aspects of death are also part of many cultures, particularly the settlement of the deceased estate and the issues of inheritance and in some countries, inheritance taxation.
Gravestones in Kyoto, JapanCapital punishment is also a culturally divisive aspect of death. In most jurisdictions where capital punishment is carried out today, the death penalty is reserved for premeditated murder, espionage, treason, or as part of military justice. In some countries, sexual crimes, such as adultery and sodomy, carry the death penalty, as do religious crimes such as apostasy, the formal renunciation of one's religion. In many retentionist countries, drug trafficking is also a capital offense. In China human trafficking and serious cases of corruption are also punished by the death penalty. In militaries around the world courts-martial have imposed death sentences for offenses such as cowardice, desertion, insubordination, and mutiny.27
Death in warfare and in suicide attack also have cultural links, and the ideas of dulce et decorum est pro patria mori, mutiny punishable by death, grieving relatives of dead soldiers and death notification are embedded in many cultures. Recently in the western world, with the supposed increase in terrorism following the September 11 attacks, but also further back in time with suicide bombings, kamikaze missions in World War II and suicide missions in a host of other conflicts in history, death for a cause by way of suicide attack, and martyrdom have had significant cultural impacts.
Suicide in general, and particularly euthanasia, are also points of cultural debate. Both acts are understood very differently in different cultures. In Japan, for example, ending a life with honor by seppuku was considered a desirable death, whereas according to traditional Christian and Islamic cultures, suicide is viewed as a sin. Death is personified in many cultures, with such symbolic representations as the Grim Reaper, Azrael and Father Time.
In biologyAfter death the remains of an organism become part of the biogeochemical cycle. Animals may be consumed by a predator or a scavenger. Organic material may then be further decomposed by detritivores, organisms which recycle detritus, returning it to the environment for reuse in the food chain. Examples of detritivores include earthworms, woodlice and dung beetles.
Microorganisms also play a vital role, raising the temperature of the decomposing matter as they break it down into yet simpler molecules. Not all materials need be decomposed fully, however. Coal, a fossil fuel formed over vast tracts of time in swamp ecosystems, is one example.
Natural selection Main articles: competition (biology), natural selection, and extinctionContemporary evolutionary theory sees death as an important part of the process of natural selection. It is considered that organisms less adapted to their environment are more likely to die having produced fewer offspring, thereby reducing their contribution to the gene pool. Their genes are thus eventually bred out of a population, leading at worst to extinction and, more positively, making the process possible, referred to as speciation. Frequency of reproduction plays an equally important role in determining species survival: an organism that dies young but leaves numerous offspring displays, according to Darwinian criteria, much greater fitness than a long-lived organism leaving only one.
Extinction Main article: Extinction A dodo, the bird that became a byword in English for species extinction28Extinction is the cessation of existence of a species or group of taxa, reducing biodiversity. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of that species (although the capacity to breed and recover may have been lost before this point). Because a species' potential range may be very large, determining this moment is difficult, and is usually done retrospectively. This difficulty leads to phenomena such as Lazarus taxa, where a species presumed extinct abruptly "reappears" (typically in the fossil record) after a period of apparent absence. New species arise through the process of speciation, an aspect of evolution. New varieties of organisms arise and thrive when they are able to find and exploit an ecological niche – and species become extinct when they are no longer able to survive in changing conditions or against superior competition.
Evolution of aging Main article: Evolution of ageingInquiry into the evolution of aging aims to explain why so many living things and the vast majority of animals weaken and die with age (a notable exception being hydra, which may be biologically immortal). The evolutionary origin of senescence remains one of the fundamental puzzles of biology. Gerontology specializes in the science of human aging processes.
See also Cadaveric spasm Capital punishment Day of the Dead Dead bell Death drive Death erection Death messengers Death (personification) Death rattle Death row Dying declaration Faked death Information-theoretic death International Necronautical Society Karōshi Last Rites List of preventable causes of death Makeshift memorial Near death experience Post-mortem interval Spiritual death Taboo on the dead Thanatology Vampire Zombie References ^ Human Activities Cause of Current Extinction Crisis. Retrieved 7 April 2009. ^ "Facing up to the problem of consciousness". http://consc.net/papers/facing.html. ^ Guerin, John C. (2009). Emerging Area of Aging Research: Long-lived Animals with "Negligible Senescence". http://www.agelessanimals.org/. Retrieved August 21, 2009. ^ a b c Aubrey D.N.J, de Grey (2007). "Life Span Extension Research and Public Debate: Societal Considerations" (PDF). Studies in Ethics, Law, and Technology 1 (1, Article 5). doi:10.2202/1941-6008.1011. http://www.mfoundation.org/files/sens/ENHANCE-PP.pdf. Retrieved March 20, 2009. ^ Crippen, David. "Brain Failure and Brain Death". ACS Surgery Online, Critical Care, April 2005. Archived from the original on 24 June 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060624132446/http://www.acssurgery.com/abstracts/acs/acs0812.htm. Retrieved 2007-01-09. ^ Mohammad Samir Hossain and Peter Gilbert. 2010.Concepts of Death: A key to our adjustment. Illness, Crisis and Loss, Vol 18. No 1 ^ Highered.mcgraw-hill.com ^ Mohammad Samir Hossain and Peter Gilbert. 2010.Concepts of Death: A key to our adjustment. Illness, Crisis and Loss, Vol 18. No 1 ^ RCpsych.ac.uk Fenwick ^ RCpsych.ac.uk Hossain ^ Oxford English Dictionary ^ FG Miller "Death and organ donation: back to the future" Journal of Medical Ethics 2009;35:616-620 ^ Bondeson 2001, p. 77 ^ Bondeson 2001, pp. 56, 71. ^ Bondeson 2001, p. 239 ^ a b Limmer, D. et al. (2006). Emergency care (AHA update, Ed. 10e). Prentice Hall. ^ "Blood Swapping Reanimates Dead Dogs". Foxnews.com. 2005-06-28. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,160903,00.html. Retrieved 2010-05-23. ^ World Health Organization (WHO). Tuberculosis Fact sheet N°104 - Global and regional incidence. March 2006, Retrieved on 6 October 2006. ^ Chris Thomas, Global Health/Health Infectious Diseases and Nutrition (2009-06-02). "USAID’s Malaria Programs". Usaid.gov. http://www.usaid.gov/our_work/global_health/mch/ch/techareas/malaria_brief.html. Retrieved 2010-05-23. ^ "Aids could kill 90 million Africans, says UN". London: Guardian. 2005-03-04. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2005/mar/04/aids. Retrieved 2010-05-23. ^ AIDS Toll May Reach 100 Million in Africa, Washington Post ^ Jean Ziegler, L'Empire de la honte, Fayard, 2007 ISBN 978-2-253-12115-2 p.130. ^ "Tobacco Could Kill One Billion By 2100, World Health Organization Report Warns". Sciencedaily.com. 2008-02-11. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/02/080210092031.htm. Retrieved 2010-05-23. ^ "Tobacco could kill more than 1 billion this century: World Health Organization". Abc.net.au. 2008-02-08. http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2008/02/08/2157587.htm. Retrieved 2010-05-23. ^ SJ Olshanksy et al. (2006). "Longevity dividend: What should we be doing to prepare for the unprecedented aging of humanity?". The Scientist 20: 28–36. http://www.grg.org/resources/TheScientist.htm. Retrieved 2007-03-31. ^ Mullin 1999 ^ "Shot at Dawn, campaign for pardons for British and Commonwealth soldiers executed in World War I". Shot at Dawn Pardons Campaign. http://www.shotatdawn.org.uk/. Retrieved 2006-07-20. ^ Diamond, Jared (1999). "Up to the Starting Line". Guns, Germs, and Steel. W. W. Norton. pp. 43–44. ISBN 0-393-31755-2. Bibliography Bondeson, Jan (2001). Buried Alive: the Terrifying History of our Most Primal Fear. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-393-04906-X Mullin, Glenn H. (2008) [1998]. Living in the Face of Death: The Tibetan Tradition. Ithica, New York: Snow Lion Publications. ISBN 978-1-55939-310-2 Further reading Appel, JM. Defining Death: When Physicians and Families Differ. Journal of Medical Ethics Fall 2005. Child AM (1995) J Archaeolog Sci 22: 165-174it funny Piepenbrink H (1985) J Archaeolog Sci 13: 417-430 Piepenbrink H (1989) Applied Geochem 4: 273-280 Pounder, Derrick J. (2005-12-15). "Postmortem changes and time of death". University of Dundee. http://www.dundee.ac.uk/forensicmedicine/notes/timedeath.pdf. Retrieved 2006-12-13. Vass AA (2001) Microbiology Today 28: 190-192 at SGM.ac.uk External links Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Death Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Death Look up death in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Death at the Open Directory Project Death (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy) Doctors Change the Way They Think About Death Causes of Death 1916 How the medical profession categorized causes of death Causes of Death George Wald: The Origin of Death A biologist explains life and death in different kinds of organisms in relation to evolution. Before and After Death Interviews with people dying in hospices, and portraits of them before, and shortly after, death Odds of dying from various injuries or accidents Source: National Safety Council, United States, 2001 Preceded by Old age Stages of human development Death Succeeded by Decomposition v • d • e Human Development: Biological • Psychological Pre- and perinatal Biological Prenatal development Psychological Pre- and perinatal psychology Infancy Biological Infant Psychological Infant and child psychology Childhood Biological Child development · Child development stages · Toddler Psychological Infant and child psychology · Preadolescence Adolescence Biological Puberty Psychological Youth development · Adolescent psychology Young adulthood Psychological Young adult (psychology) Middle adulthood Biological Middle age Maturity Biological Ageing · Senescence Psychological Old age Legal and general definitions Minor (law) · Infancy · Child · Childhood · Adolescence · Age of majority · Adult Theorists and theories Bowlby—attachment · Brofenbrenner—ecological systems · Erikson—psychosocial dev. · Freud—psychosexual dev. · Kohlberg—moral dev. · Piaget—cognitive dev. · Vygotsky—cultural-historical psych. v • d • e Death and related topics In medicine Terminal illness · End-of-life care · Autopsy · Brain death · Clinical death · Euthanasia · Lazarus syndrome · Persistent vegetative state Lists Causes of death by rate · List of preventable causes of death · People by cause of death · List of expressions related to death · Notable deaths in 2007 · Notable deaths in 2008 · Notable deaths in 2009 · Notable deaths in 2010 Mortality Immortality · Perinatal mortality · Infant mortality · Child mortality · Legal death · Maternal death · Mortality rate After death Body: Burial · Cremation · Cryonics · Decomposition · Disposal · Mummification · Promession · Resomation Death certificate · Funeral · Grief · Mourning · Customs · Afterlife · Intermediate state Paranormal Out-of-body experience · Near death experience · Near-death studies · Reincarnation research · Séance Legal Will (law) · Trust law · Administration of an estate on death Other Murder · Genocide · Suicide · Assisted suicide · Fascination with death · Martyr · Sacrifice (Human · Animal) · War · Death (personification) · Death and culture · Category:Death by country · Capital punishment Death Portaldeath n. The act of dying; termination of life. The state of being dead. The cause of dying: Drugs were the death of him
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The death toll from contracting an infection from tick bites in Xinyang City, central China's Henan Province, has climbed to 18, provincial health authorities said Wednesday.
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(RTTNews) - The United States has termed the death sentence by stoning a "barbaric and abhorrent" act and hoped that Iran would live up to its international obligations over its proposed plan to have a woman, convicted of adultery, stoned to death.
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TEHRAN, Sept. 8 (UPI) -- The death sentence for an Iranian women convicted of murder and adultery was suspended, the Iranian foreign ministry announced Wednesday. Iran - Capital punishment - Murder - Middle East - Ministry of Foreign Affairs
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Alabama death row inmate Holly Wood has asked the U.S. Supreme Court to stop his execution, contending he is mentally impaired and had insufficient counsel when a jury recommended that he receive the death penalty.
our direction is decided ~ so tonight was a weird night for me The days where K comes home and has literally LITERALLY no inspiration are far and few in between It was 8pm and I was still answering emails and networking with no inspiration for the night whatsoever I actually had to go pilfering to get <i>anything< i> I signed on to redbubble and their daily feature was white White hills trees dead trees snow How I got <b>here< b> from there is precisely why I love art I can t go into the process It would be ridiculous confusing belligerant impossible LOL But I m here And I needed this I ve been a bit down lately Very down actually Just pretty awful about things And it s really great to me that I can sit here attempting to fulfill a commitment I made to post one picture a day and actually find a bit of daily peace in it Because even though I post every day and some are shite and some aren t they all hold a piece of who I am that day that time of my life that phase I am going through This may appear dark but it isn t The point is however visible or not that life is life Even in death all things go where they go We all have meaning Direction We go where we go Optimism pessimism good times bad times we all head somewhere And even in death I will be looking upwards I have been going through some crap But I can still look up because eventually well we all do or will xo K trf You got it already I will keep on keeping on and finding peace wherever the hell I can while I can The end
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Montgomery County prosecutors are seeking the death penalty for a Lansdale man who allegedly shot and killed two people outside a Norristown bar last summer.
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A Westmont man will not face the death penalty if convicted of strangling his estranged wife the morning before their daughter's 5th birthday party, DuPage County prosecutors said Wednesday.
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With the recovery of seven more bodies from the swollen Bagdi river on Thursday, the death toll in the Khategaon bus mishap in Dewas has risen to 21.
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Amusing Ourselves to Death: Public Discourse in the Age of Show Business Penguin (Non-Classics)
KANGAR, Sept 8 — The police exhumed the grave of a Thai woman at a Chinese cemetery in Sanglang near here today. This followed an application by a sibling who believes that Pranee Thongna’s death was mired in suspicious circumstances. Initially, the 35-year-old’s death on Aug 31 was attributed to epilepsy. She was buried on Sept 4. Kangar police ...
画像 DEATH
The Death Of Her Money - Flood Of Love
Fantasy in Death Berkley
Two grieving families spoke in court Wednesday while Cape Coral police released new details into the shooting death of 15-year-old Ashlee Swazey.
Halloween Horror Nights: Demons of the Past